QCEChemistry

Organic reactions and reaction pathways

appreciate that each class of organic compound displays characteristic chemical properties and undergoes specific reactions based on the functional group present; these reactions, including acid-base and oxidation reactions can be used to identify the class of the organic compound

- Each class of organic compound displays characteristic chemical properties and undergoes specific reactions based on the functional groups present

understand that saturated compounds contain single bonds only and undergo substitution reactions, and that unsaturated compounds contain double or triple bonds and undergo addition reactions

     - Saturated compounds contain single bonds

• Undergo substitution reactions because the hydrogen can be substituted for a different molecule

     - Unsaturated compounds contain double or triple bonds

• Undergo addition reactions as the multiple bond can become a single or double bond

determine the primary, secondary and tertiary carbon atoms in halogenoalkanes and alcohols and apply IUPAC rules of nomenclature

- Primary carbon atoms

• Bonded to one other carbon (halogen or hydroxyl group located on the end of the carbon chain)

- Secondary carbon atoms

• Bonded to two other carbons (halogen or hydroxyl group located in the middle of the main chain)

- Tertiary carbon atoms

• Bonded to three other carbons (halogen or hydroxyl group located in the middle of the main chain that also has hydrocarbon substituents)

understand that organic reactions can be identified using characteristic observations and recall tests to distinguish between:

- alkanes and alkenes using bromine water

- primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols using acidified potassium dichromate (VI) and potassium manganate (VII)

understand that the synthesis of organic compounds often involves constructing reaction pathways that may include more than one chemical reaction

deduce reaction pathways, including reagents, condition and chemical equations, given the starting materials and the product.

Important: Practice question types